Which of the following procedures is performed to combat conditions affecting the spleen?

The procedure aimed at addressing conditions that affect the spleen is the splenectomy. This surgical procedure involves the removal of the spleen and is typically performed in cases where the spleen is damaged, diseased, or enlarged, which can lead to various health issues, such as blood disorders, infections, or trauma.

The spleen plays a critical role in the body's immune response and helps filter blood, so its removal is often considered when its function is impaired, or when it poses a risk to an individual's health. Conditions that might necessitate a splenectomy include splenic rupture, certain blood cancers, or hereditary blood disorders.

Other options are specific to different organs and conditions: nephrectomy refers to kidney removal, hysterectomy involves the uterus, and cholecystectomy pertains to the gallbladder. Each of these procedures addresses problems associated with their respective organs rather than the spleen.